Scientific sources behind our “Top 10 Nasties” list for sensitive eyes

The sources listed on this page represent a non-exhaustive selection of studies examining the impact of specific cosmetic ingredients on eye sensitivity.

  1. Ozgur O, Murariu D, Parsa AA, Parsa FD. Dry eye syndrome due to botulinum toxin type-A injection: guideline for prevention. Hawaii J Med Pub Health 2012;71(5):120-1237.
  2. Chen X, Liu Y, Kam WR, Sullivan AG, Sullivan DA. Toxicity of cosmetic preservatives on human ocular surface and adnexal cells. Exp Eye Res 2018;59:193-205.
  3. Sullivan DA, da Costa AX, Del Duca E, Doll T, Grupcheva CN, Lazreg S, Liu SH, McGee SR, Murthy R, Narang P, Ng A, Nistico S, O’Dell L, Roos J, Shen J, Markoulli M. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of cosmetics on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf. 2023 Apr 13;29:77-130.
  4. Wang J, Liu Y, Kam WR, Li Y, Sullivan DA. Toxicity of the cosmetic preservatives parabens, phenoxyethanol and chlorphenesin on human meibomian gland epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2020; 196:108057.
  5. https://www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/regulatory/claims/120476614.html
  6. N Horv.th O, Letul. V, Ruzicka T, Herzinger T, Goldscheider I, von Braunmuül T. Periocular discoloration after using a prostaglandin analog for eyelash enhancement: evaluation with refl ectance confocal microscopy. J Cosmet Dermatol 2017;16(1):18-20.
  7. Kam WR, Liu Y, Ding J, Sullivan DA. Do cyclosporine A, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, uridine triphosphate, rebamipide or bimatoprost regulate human meibomian gland epithelial cells? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016;57:4287-4294.
  8. Ding J, Kam WR, Dieckow J, Sullivan DA. The infl uence of 13-cis retinoic acid on human meibomian gland epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:4341-4350.
  9. Chen D, Wang J, Sullivan DA, Kam WR, Liu Y. E  ects of terpinen-4-ol on meibomian gland epithelial cells in vitro. Cornea 2020;39:1541-1546.